Process of casting compound metal ingots



(No odel.)

A. J. LUSTIG.

PROCESS OF CASTING COMPOUND METAL INGOTS. No. 324,712. Patented Aug. 18,1885.

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

ADOLPIIUS JOHN LUS'IIG, OF ST. LOUIS, MISSOURI.

PROCESS OF CASTING COMPOUND METAL INGOTS.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 324,712, dated August.18, 1885.

Application filed November '21, 1894. (No model.)

To all whom it may concern.-

Be it known that I, ADOLPHTTS J. LUSTIG, a citizen of the United States,residing at St. Louis, in the county of St. Louis and State of Missouri,have invented certain new and useful Improvements in the Manufacture ofCompound Metal Ingots; and I do declare the following to be a full,clear, and exact description of the invention, such as will enableothers skilled in the art to which it appertains to make and use thesame, reference being had to the accompanying drawings, and to theletters and figures of reference marked thereon, which form a part. ofthis specification.

My invention relatesto a new and useful improvement in the process ofmanufacturing compound metal ingots; and the novelty consists in thepeculiar steps taken in such process, as will be more fully hereinafterset forth,and specifically pointed out in the claims.

The essential object of the invention is to produce an ingot or platecomposed of different metals of different texture, and having differentdegrees of temper and tenacity, the.

several strata being firmly united together to form a single body.

For convenienee,and to clearly set forth the advantages of my improvedprocess, I will describe the ingot to be produced as a plate to be usedin burglar-proof safes; but it is obvious that similarly-produced ingotswould serve with equal efficiency in other relations and arts.

It is well known that a drill tempered to allow an operator to workthrough a plate of one degree of temper will be useless for the samepurpose in another plate of another degree of temper, whether the samebe harder or softer. \Viih this fact in view safes have been formed ofdifferent plates of metal of (lifferent degrees of temper securedtogether but the joints between the plates being readily found, it hasbeen easy to change the drill to suit the quality of the metal.

According to my invention the different plates will be firmly unitedtogether, and the joint will be formed of a homogeneous mass of metaldiffering from the metal of either of the plates thus united.

In carrying out my invention I take a plate ofwrought metal and by anymeans approved I roughen one of its faces, so as to leave thereonnumerous alternate projections and depressions. The face thus treated Ithen submit to a boraX solution or other flux, and place the plate in aproper mold. Upon this face of the plate I then deposit a stratum ofmelted steel more or less highly carbonized. This molten steel seeks thedepressions in the roughened face of the first plate and fuses theprojections thereon to not only make a firm weld, but to vproduce at thetouching surfaces a metal perfectly homogeneous, but differing from thatof either stratum. The ingot thus prepared is allowed to gradually coolin the mold, and when nearly cool the outer face of the steel may besimilarly roughened, the ingot placed in a larger mold, and a stratum ofmore-highlycarbonized steel may be cast thereon in a similar manner.

The operation of the flux in this art will be readily understood. Thegradual cooling in the mold has peculiar advantages.

It is well known that in fused metal the currents of heat,seekin g thenearest cool surfaces, cause a vibration of the atoms of metal, andhence a crystallized condition of the metal. The gradual cooling tendsto retard this crystallizing process until the metal assumes a plasticstate wherein crystallization is impossible.

The important feature of the invention I consider to be the rougheningof the face upon which the melted deposit is to be made.

The drawings forming a part of this specification show a means by whichI execute my process. In them Figure 1 is a perspective View of a mold,shown ready for pouring the melted steel in. Fig. 2 is an end view ofmold. Fig. 3 is a transverse section of the mold with a flat plate inposition in it. Fig. -1 is a transverse section with a plate in ithaving a convex surface on the upper side and a flat face on the lowerside. Fig. 7) is a top view of the wrought metal plate and anemery-wheel. Fig. 6 is a vertical transverse section on line 6 6 of Fig.5. Fig. 7 represents a section of roughened wrought metal plated; Fig.8, a section of an ingot of two layers, and Fig. 9 a section of an ingotof three layers,all made by my process.

A, base of mold; B, tie-bolt; lug; D, lug on upper section; ll,iire-elayplate; G, upper section of mold; H, handles; I, cover; J,wroughtmetal plate, as iron or steel; K, molten metal; L, emery wheel orroller.

In the preparing of the wrought-metal plate preparatory for receivingthe borax, I propose using a very coarse emery wheel or roller, the samebeing stationary and revolving rapidly, the wrought-metal plate beingcarried underneath and being pressed upward.

In applying the borax I propose to first cleanse the wrought-metalplate, either by a jet of air or water, the latter preferable, and thenapply a borax solution consisting of sixteen parts of water and one partof borax. The plate being well covered with this solution is then placedover a charcoal fire until the borax has become dry, but not glazed. Onthis crust of borax I put then a composition of borax andfinely-pulverized glass, the proportion being two parts borax and onepart glass, and then subject the plate to a more intense heat until thesurface of the plate shows an even and glazed appearance.

The use of the fire-brick under the wroughtmetal plate is for thepurpose of gradual cooling. The convex plate J in the mold is meant tobe wrought-iron, the molten steel on it steel high in carbon. Thepurpose is to make a plow-plate having a sharp and hard cuttingcdgesufficiently thick in the middle as not to be gutter-ed out easily. Theflat solid plate J is meant to be steel low in carbon; the molten metal,steel higher in carbon, for the purpose of producing a safe-plate byrepeated operations that will have several strata of steel, 5 the upperalways harder than the lower one, for the purpose of getting theinnermost strata so hard as to resist any drill except a diamond, whilethe outer one would be soft, so as to take an easy finish. Thisarrangement would give 40 me, then, freedom of action for producing aningot the solid part of which would be hard, while the molten part wouldbe soft, for producing plates for cuttingdies and cutting-tools that arestrained to a high degree. Such an 45 ingot would also produce a railthat has ahardenedcrown and comparatively soft body.

What I claim as new is 1. In the manufacture of compound ingots, theprocess described, which consists in first 5o roughening the face of aplate or ingot of wrought-iron and applying an anti-oxidizing fluxthereon, and then casting upon such face astraturn of steel, as setforth.

2. The process described, which consists in 55 roughening a face of awrought-metal plate and applying thereon a flux, then casting upon suchface a stratum of steel and gradually cooling the whole while in themold, as set forth. 1 6o In testimony whereof Iaffix my siguatureinpresence of two witnesses.

ADOLPHUS JOHN LUSTIG.

Vitnesses:

LoUIs BALTHASAR, HERMANN H. SANDER.

